Bioactive Materials

Bioactive Materials

Combination of magnesium ions and vitamin C alleviates synovitis and osteophyte formation in osteoarthritis of mice

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open access

Highlights

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Magnesium ions (Mg2+) and vitamin C (VC) efficaciously alleviates joint pathology and pain in OA.

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Mg2+ + VC markedly increase expression of HIF-1a, a key anabolic factor in cartilage.

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Mg2+ + VC significantly promote M2 polarization of synovial macrophage, may subsequently reduce inflammatory pain.

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Mg2+ + VC also inhibit osteophyte formation and productions of pain-related neuropeptides.

Abstract

Introduction

We previously demonstrated that magnesium ions (Mg2+) was a novel therapeutic alternative for osteoarthritis (OA) through promoting the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-mediated cartilage matrix synthesis. However, oxidative stress can inhibit the expression of HIF-1α, amplify the inflammation that potentially impairs the therapeutic efficacy of Mg2+ in OA. Vitamin (VC), a potent antioxidant, may enhance the efficacy of Mg2+ in OA treatment. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of combination of Mg2+ and VC on alleviating joint destruction and pain in OA.

Material and methods

Anterior cruciate ligament transection with partial medial meniscectomy induced mice OA model were randomly received intra-articular injection of either saline, MgCl2 (0.5 mol/L), VC (3 mg/ml) or MgCl2 (0.5 mol/L) plus VC (3 mg/ml) at week 2 post-operation, twice weekly, for 2 weeks. Joint pain and pathological changes were assessed by gait analysis, histology, western blotting and micro-CT.

Results

Mg2+ and VC showed additive effects to significantly alleviate the joint destruction and pain. The efficacy of this combined therapy could sustain for 3 months after the last injection. We demonstrated that VC enhanced the promotive effect of Mg2+ on HIF-1α expression in cartilage. Additionally, combination of Mg2+ and VC markedly promoted the M2 polarization of macrophages in synovium. Furthermore, combination of Mg2+ and VC inhibited osteophyte formation and expressions of pain-related neuropeptides.

Conclusions

Intra-articular administration of Mg2+ and VC additively alleviates joint destruction and pain in OA. Our current formulation may be a cost-effective alternative treatment for OA.

Keywords

Osteoarthritis

Magnesium

Vitamin C

Cartilage

Inflammation

Osteophyte

© 2020 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.